CHAPTER IX.
OPERATIONS IN MARYLAND, PENNSYLVANIA, VIRGINIA, AND WEST VIRGINIA.*
April 16-July 31, 1861.
(Bull Run / Manassas)
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CONFEDERATE CORRESPONDENCE.

{p.771}

Extract from the Executive Journal of the State of Virginia.

APRIL 18, 1861.

...

The following order war, issued, through the adjutant-general, to Maj. Gen. William B. Taliaferro:

The governor appointed and commissioned the following officers for the State Navy:

Robert B. Pegram, captain, to rank as such from 18th of April, 1861.

George T. Sinclair, captain, to rank as such from 19th of April, 1861.

Catesby Ap R. Jones, captain, to rank as such from 20th of April, 1861

James H. Rochelle, lieutenant, to rank as such from the 18th of April., 1861.

The following order was issued to Capt. Robert B. Pegram:

JOHN LETCHER.

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PETERSBURG, April 20, 1861.

L. P. WALKER:

Governor Letcher has stopped three steamers on James River, and may stop two more. They can put seven thousand men in Baltimore in twenty-four hours from here by our connections with the railroads from Lynchburg to Dalton. We can, carry from five to seven thousand men daily at the rate of three hundred and fifty miles per day. Georgia cars can be run through without unloading. The South Side Railroad is at the service of the Confederate States.

H. D. BIRD, Superintendent.

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PETERSBURG, VA., April 20, 1861.

L. P. WALKER:

Colonel Owen, president of the Virginia and Tennessee Railroad, has just reached here from Baltimore by way of Norfolk. He witnessed the butchery of Baltimore citizens by the Massachusetts regiment yesterday. He states the city is in arms and all are Southern men now. He says bridges north of Baltimore been burned, and no more troops can come from the North unless they march, and in large bodies, as Maryland is rising. Lincoln is in a trap. He has not more than twelve hundred regulars in Washington and not more than three thousand volunteers. We have three thousand in Harpers Ferry. Our boys, numbering {p.772} four hundred, went down to-day to Norfolk, to join the companies there and your forces coming from Charleston. You know how many we want. As leader we want Davis. An hour now is worth years of common fighting. One dash and Lincoln is taken, the country saved, and the leader who does it will be immortalized.

H. D. BIRD.

P. S.-Pollard knows me.

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Extract from proceedings of the Advisory Council of the State of Virginia.

SUNDAY, April 21, 1861.

It being considered desirable to ascertain the condition of affairs and the state of public opinion in Maryland, the governor is respectfully advised to appoint Col. James M. Mason a commissioner to proceed forthwith to that State, and to acquire and communicate to the governor such information as he may obtain.

JOHN J. ALLEN. FRANCIS H. SMITH. M. F. MAURY.

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DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, Harper’s Ferry, Va., April 21, 1861.

General Wm. H. RICHARDSON, Adjutant-General:

DEAR SIR: My present force here is about two thousand. I have endeavored to-day to get up a consolidated report of the strength and condition of my command, but defer it on account of imperfectness in the returns.

I have effected an understanding with the Maryland authorities. They are pledged to report to me any hostile approach through their territory, and consent to the occupancy of the heights commanding my position whenever necessity requires it. I have guarded all the approaches east and west, and established telegraphic communications, to guard against surprise.

The work of forwarding to Winchester uncompleted arms and machinery progresses rapidly. The arrangements for this branch of my duties are so nearly completed, that I hope to give more of my attention to the military command. From necessity I have had to devolve many of the details upon General Carson. I have had to assume heavy responsibilities, and felt some embarrassment in the absence of all written instructions. The troops assembled without ammunition, generally, and, there being little here, I have had to send abroad for it.

Not being informed of the troops ordered into service, I have, so far, received all which were presented. General Meem, of the Seventh Brigade, reports for duty, as he states, upon verbal orders, received through Colonel Crump, from the governor. This presents some difficulty. I see no reason for the employment of three brigadier-generals for such a force; but, not being informed of the number of troops ordered to this point, I of course recognize him. General Carson’s brigade has reported to-day; numbers six hundred and fifty-five. General {p.773} Harman’s nine hundred and fifty-five, and General Meem’s four hundred and six. About one hundred and fifty, however, of the troops included in General Harman’s command belong properly to that of General Meem’s. The times are exciting; but, if possible, I would be glad to receive some written instructions from you. I expect, from news just received, an additional force to-morrow of five hundred men. If needed, I could have thousands. Not knowing, however, the extent of your orders, I have concluded to “trust in God and keep my powder dry.”

Very respectfully, &c.,

KENTON HARPER, Major-General, Commanding.

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APRIL 22, 1861.

Governor JOHN LETCHER, Richmond, Va.:

In addition to the forms heretofore ordered, requisitions have been made for thirteen regiments, eight to rendezvous at Lynchburg, four at Richmond, and one at Harper’s Ferry. Sustain Baltimore, if practicable. We re-enforce you.

JEFFERSON DAVIS.

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Extracts from the proceedings of the Advisory Council of the State of Virginia.

MONDAY, April 22, 1861.

Present, the whole council.

A telegram from John S. Barbour, jr., confidential agent of the Government at Alexandria, asking for arms for the Maryland troops to enable them to resist the passage of Northern troops to Washington, who are said to be now concentrating near Baltimore, was submitted to the council by the governor for advice.

Whereupon his excellency was respectfully advised to send the following telegram to Mr. Barbour:

And-

It was also advised that the following telegram be sent to the governor of Tennessee:

Ordered, That the governor be respectfully advised to communicate to the Convention, in secret session, the purport of the telegram in reference to the loan of arms to General Steuart, commanding the Maryland troops; and also the telegram advised to be forwarded to the governor of Tennessee.

...

Ordered, That the governor be respectfully advised to authorize the {p.774} shipment of as many sailors as may be deemed necessary for the public defense, at the same rate of pay that is allowed in the U. S. Navy; the term of enlistment to be at the pleasure of the commonwealth, not exceeding three years.

Upon the representations of the governor, the council respectfully recommend the issue from the arsenal at Lexington of 5,000 muskets, as a loan, to the Maryland troops.

The council respectfully recommend to the governor to forward the following telegraphic dispatches:

JOHN J. ALLEN. FRANCIS H. SMITH. M. F. MAURY.

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ALEXANDRIA, VA., April 22, 1861.

Col. R. E. LEE, Richmond Va.:

We are the bearers of a letter to you from General Steuart, of Maryland, and we regret, on arriving here, to find you absent. The letter referred to we forward to you in a separate inclosure, to the care of the governor of the State of Virginia. We left Baltimore by way of Ellicott’s Mills the cars having been stopped, on yesterday at 3 p. m., and reached Washington at 2 a. m. The people of Baltimore, and, indeed, the citizens of Maryland generally, are united in one thing at least, viz, that troops volunteering for Federal service against Virginia and other sister Southern States shall not, if they can help it, pass over the soil of Maryland. We have desired to have an interview with the colonel in command at this point, but find him too unwell to be seen. General Steuart will be most anxious to hear from you immediately.

Respectfully,

L. P. BAYNE. J. J. CHANCELLOR.

P. S.-I am authorized to say to you by Maj. Montgomery D. Corse, commander of the Alexandria battalion, that if you or the governor desire to communicate with General Steuart or the authorities of Maryland, any dispatch directed to them, to his care, at this point, will be forwarded by horse express across the country immediately.

P. S.-All public communication, I understand, has been stopped between Washington and farther north. General Steuart has declared Washington road to be under military rule.

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DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, Harper’s Ferry, Va., April 22, 1861.

[Governor LETCHER:]

DEAR GOVERNOR: I have endeavored to keep you advised of my action here. Two official communications have been made through the adjutant-general and two communications to yourself. So far I have had no written instructions from you. My object has been, not only {p.775} to secure all the efficient arms here, and remove the machinery in such a manner as that it may be readily put together again, as well as all the unfinished guns, but to have an inventory made of the public property, so that the officers charged with the details may be held to proper account. Of course I could do no more than adopt such general directions of military affairs as were important for the security of my position-the details being left to the Yanking brigadier-general (Carson). I am now though this terrible pressure, however, in regard to the public property, and intend to assume at once the active military command. I have now about twenty-four hundred men here. Not knowing what troops you ordered, I have received all which offered. The hourly telegraphic dispatches sent in are exciting; but I feel calm, as I have taken adequate measures to guard against surprise. Some here, who do not know, no doubt think I am rather incredulous as regards their information. But trust me; I am well posted, and shall be found ready. The responsibilities assumed by me, under the circumstances in which I was placed, have been heavy; but the exigencies were pressing, and I rest with confidence on the record of my proceedings for full vindication of all my acts. If man could have effected more, then I am willing to be condemned.

From the information I have of the condition of the guns in progress of manufacture, there are components to fit up readily for use from seven to ten thousand stand of arms, exclusive of those rescued uninjured from the flames. I have employed artificers to put these together, and am turning out daily several hundred minnie muskets. You must sustain me. I am wholly unprovided with funds. I can get them from the Winchester banks, if you will give authority. You may judge of the state of things here when I say even Virginia money will procure nothing, but at an enormous discount, in the stores of the place.

With sincere regard, yours,

KENTON HARPER, Major-General, Commanding.

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GENERAL ORDERS, No. 1.}

HEADQUARTERS, Fredericksburg, Va., April 22, 1861.

By the authority of the governor of the State of Virginia I assume command of the volunteers and militia along the line of the Potomac River, extending from Mount Vernon south to the mouth of the Rappahannock River. Headquarters are established at this place until farther orders.

DANIEL RUGGLES, Brigadier-General Virginia Volunteers, Commanding Forces

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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, April 23, 1861.

Major-General Lee having reported to the governor, he will at once assume the command in chief of all the military and naval forces of the State and take in charge the military defenses of the State.

JOHN LETCHER.

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GENERAL ORDERS, No. 1.}

HEADQUARTERS, Richmond, Va., April 23, 1861.

In obedience to orders from his excellency John Letcher, governor of {p.776} the State, Maj. Gen. Robert E. Lee assumes command of the military and naval forces of Virginia.

R. E. LEE Major-General.

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FREDERICKSBURG, Va., April 23, 1861.

His Excellency JOHN LETCHER:

I am this moment informed that the enemy has landed from a small steamer at Lee, on the Rappahannock River, fifty miles below us, attacked the inhabitants, and caused general alarm. Can you send us three or four thousand disciplined volunteers at once, two or three batteries of light artillery, with ammunition; also twenty heavy guns, with plenty of ammunition? Please answer immediately.

DANIEL RUGGLES, Brigadier-General Virginia Volunteers.

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HEADQUARTERS, Alexandria, Va., April 24, 1861.

Maj. Gen. R. E. LEE:

SIR: Your dispatch of the 23d instant,* by telegraph, has been received. I had fully anticipated all your instructions. I recognized from the moment I took position and command on this line of operations the policy of preserving the anomalous military position now existing, but which may at any moment be overthrown in the present disorganized and feeble military position of our State, and especially on this line of operations. Time, therefore, gained on the one side will enable us to organize and strengthen; but, unless every possible nerve is strengthened on our side, and every moment reckoned as a month, our enemy will press us in this race. Your summons, therefore, from the heart of the State should be “To Arms! To arms!” from the center to the remotest confines, and, as soon as you can cover from Alexandria to the heart of the State, at Richmond, immediately extend the whole might of the commonwealth to come up to the aid of the line of operations I stand here to-day in sight of the enemy’s position, an army now numbering from ten to twelve thousand men, under arms, and rapidly increasing by re-enforcements from the North, while I have today but three hundred men fit for duty; and while I am without any staff organization, cannon, or any ordnance and ammunition, without any officers, engineers, artillery, or ordnance, and without suitable staff officers, it will be my part to mask your designs and operations; to act for the present absolutely on the defensive; to watch the enemy; to keep you informed of his movements; to rally to my aid the whole country in the rear; to organize, and await re-enforcements from every possible quarter. Indicate to me, as soon as possible, whatever points shall be decided upon in rear of my position for the rendezvous of any proposed re-enforcement. Your instructions, also, as to the best position of my own headquarters and of my camp of recruits and organization in my rear will be gladly received. I am moving back the flour from Alexandria to the depots on the railroads in the interior. I am also moving back a large amount of railroad iron, which we shall want for batteries. I am cutting off the supplies from Washington, and sending them back to the farms, or returning what may pass through this place. {p.777} In case of a change of existing military status, in case the enemy take the initiative and invade our soil, I would be glad to have your instructions or advice as to the line by which I should retire to soonest meet with support and cooperation. Say whether you think I ought to continue my headquarters in Alexandria or remove them elsewhere, or under what probable contingencies I should make any movements.

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General.

* Not found.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 24, 1861.

General P. ST. GEORGE COCKE:

GENERAL: Your dispatch of the 24th is at hand. I rejoice that you so fully recognize the proper policy to be pursued, and initiated it on your arrival at the scene of your operations. Continue it till compelled to change. I am endeavoring to organize the military of the State. Two 8-inch columbiads, with implements and one hundred rounds of ammunition, go to you to-day.

Captain Walker, with four rifled 6-pounders, was dispatched, by the governor, to the Potomac before my entering on duty. Direct him to report to you, and assign him to service where you deem best. Lieutenant Simms, State naval forces, has been ordered to duty on the Potomac, above Aquia Creek. He will be under your orders.

Select points of rendezvous on or near the railroads leading to Alexandria. Leesburg would be a suitable point for forces on that road; such points as you think convenient on others. Establish your headquarters as necessary. Establish camps of instruction, and instruct your troops in the use of their different arms; make the necessary arrangements for their support. No bacon is to be obtained in Virginia. Consult with merchants in Alexandria as to the feasibility of obtaining bacon from Ohio or Kentucky. If this is not practicable, beef and mutton must be your meat ration. The valley of Virginia will naturally suggest itself to you as the point from which this part of the ration must be obtained.

Let it be known that you intend no attack, but invasion of our soil will be considered an act of war.

Very few officers of experience have as yet reported; as soon as possible some will be sent to you.

In reference to the regiment to be raised by Mr. Funsten, I will state that, in conformity to an ordinance of the convention, volunteers are accepted by companies; when organized into regiments, the field officers are appointed by the governor and council.

It is not now believed that the enemy will attack you; should he do go, however, and you are not able to maintain your position, fall back on your reserves, on the route to Gordonsville.

I am, very respectfully, yours, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS FORCES OF VIRGINIA, April 24, 1861.

General DANIEL RUGGLES:

GENERAL: Your dispatch, of the 24th instant, requesting to know the policy and orders by which you are, to be governed, is at hand. {p.778} You will act on the defensive. Station your troops at suitable points to command the railroad; write and give assurance of protection to the inhabitants on the rivers; cause your troops to be instructed in the use of their several arms, and take immediate steps for provisioning them. If bacon cannot be procured, fresh meat must compose that part of your ration.

Two 8-inch howitzers have been sent you to-day; also ammunition for the same. I regret I cannot furnish you with carriages for these pieces, but I hope you will be able to have them constructed or made available for your purpose in Fredericksburg. You will endeavor to allay the popular excitement as far as possible. As soon as you can, send in a return of your troops, and where stationed.

I am, general, very respectfully,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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ALEXANDRIA, VA., April 24, 1861.

General LEE, Commander-in-Chief:

I can destroy the light-boats and remove the buoys, through the pilots, without military force. Shall I do it?

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General.

[Indorsements.]

Our object is to interrupt the navigation of the Potomac by batteries, &c. If the governor and council see no objection, I will direct General Cocke, unless he can remove the light-boats to places of safety, to destroy them and to remove the buoys.

R. E. L.

Submitted to the council by the governor.

COUNCIL OFFICE, April 24, 1861.

Advised unanimously that the decision upon the matter be left to the discretion of General Lee.

By order of the council:

P. F. HOWARD, Secretary.

Approved:

JOHN LETCHER.

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FREDERICKSBURG, VA., April 24, 1861.

Brigadier-General RUGGLES:

By your orders I proceeded to Aquia Creek, and examined the place, with the view of fortifying it, for the purposes indicated by your verbal directions of this date, viz: To secure the railroad iron, the timber, two vessels, and a small steamer at that point from the enemy. I was joined in the evening by Lieutenant Lewis, of the Virginia Navy, at your request, and we reviewed the ground together. After examining the topography of the ground and the character and position of the channel, we are of the opinion that the best place to put a battery is on the {p.779} Split Rock Bluff, as the channel can be commanded from that point by guns of sufficient caliber. A battery on Cream Point would invite attack, and, being separated from the landing by Aquia Creek, would be difficult to hold. We do not think the place worth fortifying, and would respectfully recommend that a small force of ten or twenty men be kept there, to keep off any boats that might attempt to land there, and be employed in loading cars, which should be sent to remove the iron and timber to Fredericksburg at once; that the captains of the vessels be allowed to sail with their vessels at their pleasure. While the enemy holds the Potomac the steamer is of no value to us, and we have not the slightest idea that the enemy will make the attempt to possess themselves of it. The men kept there should be required to give information to headquarters of any attempt of the enemy to land there in force, which would be indicated by the number of vessels in the offing, and not allowed to harass the inhabitants by reporting every vessel they see in the river.

Very respectfully submitted by,

THOMAS H. WILLIAMSON, Major of Engineers, Virginia Army. H. H. LEWIS, Lieutenant, Virginia Navy.

P. S.-William H. Kerr, brigade inspector, concurs in this report.

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ALEXANDRIA, VA., April 25, 1861.

Maj. Gen. R. E. LEE:

The following communications have just been received:

The above is brought by one of our most reliable citizens direct. Answer immediately.

PHILIP ST. GEO. COOKE, Brigadier-General.

{p.780}

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ALEXANDRIA, VA., April 25, 1861-2 p. m.

General ROBERT E. LEE:

The following dispatches, this moment, by the hands of a courier, who received them in person from Daniel Clarke himself, which Daniel Clarke, I am assured here by reliable persons, is the son-in-law of Ex-Governor Pratt:

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General.

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ALEXANDRIA, VA., April 26, 1861.

General LEE, Commander-in-Chief:

The two 8-inch columbiads have arrived, and, there being four rifled cannon at Aquia, under Captain Walker, I shall proceed first to remove or destroy the light boats and the buoys on the Potomac, and, at the same time order General Ruggles to hold himself in readiness to support by sufficient detachment of his troops. I shall do the same from this point, to cover and protect any working party, under the direction of the engineer, at a certain point on the Potomac. I would be glad to have Lieutenant Lee, of the Engineers, or some other officer of the Engineers, assigned for immediate service, to direct the construction of the works of this enterprise.

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General.

{p.781}

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 26, 1861.

General HARPER, Commanding Harper’s Ferry, Va.:

SIR: The commanding general desires you to report, by letter, without delay, whether, after taking from Harper’s Ferry such machinery as it is necessary for the armory at this city, and which he hopes is now on its way, the condition of the factories at Harper’s Ferry will be such that the arms that are partly finished may be completed and brought into use, and whether, in a military point of view, it could be safely accomplished. In the mean time, if arms can be completed safely, finish them. The property referred to in the letter of yesterday was the machinery for the armory at this place, above referred to.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 26, 1861.

Colonel LANGHORNE:

SIR: The general commanding the military and naval forces of Virginia instructs me to direct you to proceed, without delay, to Lynchburg, Va., to assume a temporary charge of that district, and to make preparations for the accommodation (food and shelter) of thirteen regiments of troops, shortly expected to arrive there, and such others as may arrive there from time to time, and report to you. Before going confer with Lieutenant-Colonel Heth, now temporarily in charge of the quartermaster’s department in this city, as to the best mode of executing this service.

I am, sir, your obedient servant,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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ENGINEER’S OFFICE, Norfolk, Va., April 26, 1861.

General ROBERT E. LEE, Commanding Virginia Forces:

SIR: In reply to your communication of yesterday’s date, I have the honor to report that, in obedience to the orders of the governor, I proceeded to Yorktown on Thursday, the 18th instant, accompanied by two assistants. Before leaving there on Saturday the form and position of a water battery on Gloucester Point was decided upon, that covers all the channel-way with fire, lying within two miles of the point. The battery will mount thirty-one guns, if twenty feet be allowed to each. If eighteen feet be sufficient, the number can be increased to thirty-four. The faces bearing on the channel above and below are arranged for five and nine guns, respectively. Those intermediate (fifteen) are arranged on the are of a circle, containing about one hundred and twenty degrees. The lines of fire cross the channel lines so near that this part may be armed with 8-inch howitzers, while for the faces 8-inch columbiads should be provided. The faces of this battery converge towards the high ground northwest of the point. This high ground affords an advantageous site for a large field work for the defense of the position. No attempt was made to trace one on the ground. A very good position for a 6-gun battery was selected on the Yorktown side, near to the river bluff. An assistant, J. J. Clarke, who has had no {p.782} experience on military works, but with a high reputation as a civil engineer, was left in charge of this work, with instructions to raise a laboring force in Gloucester, if practicable, and to meet me in Richmond on Monday p. m.

About 1 p. m., with one assistant, I embarked on board the steamer for this place, and arrived a very short time before the steamer Pawnee passed up the river; reported myself to the commanding general, but received no orders from him until Sunday morning. Since that time I have been fully occupied with the construction of defensive works on this river. The ground in front of the Naval Hospital has been prepared for mounting fourteen guns on two faces, the half of which are now ready for service with navy furnaces for heating shot. This work was commenced amid the greatest confusion and excitement. Three guns and carriages were hastily removed from the navy-yard to this place, and mounted in the rear of the ground required to be broken for the battery. One hundred and fifty bales of cotton were sent over, to make a temporary cover for the men between the guns, should the Pawnee or Cumberland attempt to return to the yard. No such attempt having been made, the cotton was carefully piled in a way to prevent serious damage, and will now be returned to the public store nearly in the condition it was when received.

As soon as working companies could be organized at this place, which, from the extreme excitement and confusion prevailing, required much time, even after local officers had been assigned to take charge of them and direct the application of labor, I proceeded to Fort Norfolk, where it war deemed expedient to mount as many guns as could be brought to bear on the channel, and also to construct between the wharf and fort covering the channel a water battery of six guns. This has since been reduced to five, in consequence of finding stone under and near the surface of the earth. Requisitions were made for materials, tools, and ordnance, and officers assigned to superintend the work; but no laboring force was available before Monday morning.

In the evening, after having made requisition for troops, materials, tools, &c., accompanied by one assistant, I left in a small boat for Craney Island. As far as practicable the ground was examined by moonlight. Neither troops nor laborers arrived during the night, but about 8 a. m. Monday morning labor commenced coming in from the plantations, and by 10.30 a. m. about one hundred and twenty laborers, with a suitable number of carts, had been placed on the work, which had been laid out to mount twenty guns, which cover all the channel-way within range from N. 50 W. to E.

A battery, to mount twelve guns, has been laid out on Penner’s Point. The work on this is under the control of officers of the Navy, but requisitions for the laborers and tools have been filled at this office.

Soller’s Point has been examined, and lines marked for three batteries, of six guns each. This position is so unfavorable for defense, no works have been commenced there.

APRIL 27.

The works in progress will mount sixty-one guns when completed. Of these, fourteen will be at the Naval Hospital, fifteen at Fort Norfolk, twelve at Penner’s Point, and twenty on Craney Island. I am unable to state the number ready for service. At the Naval Hospital the officer in charge reports ten ready for action, two 8-inch shell and eight 32-pounders, with furnaces and fuel for heating shot.

From Fort Norfolk the report is not yet in. On Thursday the guns {p.783} were on the rampart, and the platform nearly ready to receive them. Penner’s Point work is to be commenced to-day by the Navy Department. Craney Island is ready for the platform and guns. One lighter, carrying four 9-inch columbiads, with fifty rounds of ammunition for each, was ordered down yesterday p. m.

Last evening Assistant Engineer Sharp was detailed to make an examination of the approaches to the city and navy-yard and to prepare a map of the country lying between the Elizabeth River and East Branch, within ten miles of this place. Mr. Conway Howard was detailed to assist him.

I have unofficially learned that a battery of four guns is under construction, by the residents, near Bushy Bluff, which I contemplate visiting in the course of the day. Further examinations will be made this side of Soller’s Point for more favorable ground before commencing works at Soller’s Point.

Most respectfully submitted by your, obedient servant,

ANDREW TALCOTT, Engineer.

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GENERAL ORDERS, No. 3.}

HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 26, 1861.

Maj. Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, of the Virginia volunteers, is for the present assigned to the command of all the State forces in and about Richmond.

...

By order of Major-General Lee:

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 2.}

HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 26, 1861.

Maj. Gen. Walter Gwynn, of the Virginia volunteers, has been assigned to the chief command of the State forces in and about the city of Norfolk. In exercising that command, it is desired that he advise with, and, as far as practicable, act in relation to naval matters in consonance with the views of the senior naval officer present. It is farther suggested that the interests of the State might be best served by employing naval officers in the construction and service of water batteries, or such as are intended to act against shipping.

By command of Major-General Lee:

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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MONTGOMERY, April 26, 1861.

Governor JOHN LETCHER, Richmond, Va.:

The convention between your commonwealth and this Government Placer, at the disposal of the President the military force of Virginia. WM you therefore inform me of what this force consists, and at what points and in what numbers it is being rendezvoused. For action here an early answer is requested.

L. P. WALKER.

{p.784}

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HEADQUARTERS, Richmond, Va., April 27, 1861.

[JOHN LETCHER:]

I respectfully ask of the governor and council what arrangements have been made to enable the army of the State to take the field? Besides the necessary camp equipage, some means of transportation must be provided other than that furnished by the railroad companies. It will not always be possible to adhere to the railroad routes, and provision must be made for maneuvering in front of an enemy and for supplying troops with provisions, and at positions to be held or forced. Horses for the light batteries will be necessary, and wagons for local transportation. Are there any funds for these purposes, or how are they to be procured?*

Very respectfully,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

* Answer not found,

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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, April 27, 1861.

Maj. Gen., R. E. LEE, Commanding, &c.:

SIR: You will direct Col. T. J. Jackson to proceed to Harper’s Ferry, to organize into regiments the volunteer forces which have been called into the service of the State, and which maybe assembled in the neighborhood. Direct him to report with as much dispatch as possible the number and description of the companies thus organized; the character and condition of their arms, and the names of the company officers present for duty, and where from; also, the names of all general, field, and staff officers now in the field in that command, that the Executive may have the information required for the proper organization of the regiments and brigades according to the ordinance of the Convention of April 21, 1861. You will place Colonel Jackson, for the present, in command of the troops in that locality, and give him such general instructions as may be required for the military defenses of the State. Direct him to make diligent inquiry as to the state of feeling in the northwestern portion of the State. If necessary, appoint a confidential agent for that purpose, but great confidence is placed in the personal knowledge of Major Jackson in this regard. If deemed expedient, he can assemble the volunteer forces of the northwest at such points as he may deem best, giving prompt information of the same. Promptness in all these matters is indispensable.

I am, very respectfully,

JOHN LETCHER.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 27, 1861.

Col. THOMAS J. JACKSON, Virginia Volunteers, Camp near Richmond, Va.:

COLONEL: You will proceed, without delay, to Harpers Ferry, Va., in execution of the orders of the governor of the State, and assume command of that post. After mustering into the service of the State such companies as may be accepted under your instructions, you will organize them into regiments or battalions, uniting, as far as possible, {p.785} companies from the same section of the State. These will be placed under their senior captains, until the field officers can be appointed by the governor. It is desired that you expedite the transfer of the machinery to this place, ordered to the Richmond Armory, should it not have been done, and that you complete, as fast as possible, any guns or rifles partially constructed, should it be safe and practicable. Your attention will be particularly directed to the safety of such arms, machinery, parts of arms, raw material, &c., that may be useful, to insure which they must be at once sent into the interior, if in your judgment necessary. If any artillery companies offer their services, or are mustered into the service of the State, and are without batteries, report the facts.

I am, sir, very respectfully,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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ALEXANDRIA, VA., April 27, 1861.

General LEE, Commander-in-Chief:

Having succeeded in accomplishing the objects of taking up my temporary headquarters at this place, I proceed tomorrow morning to Culpeper Court-House, by the 6 o’clock train, which, as at present advised, will be my headquarters for some time to come. Colonel Jones, having arrived, will accompany me to Culpeper Court-House. I have arranged for my communications, through the medium of rail, wire, and courier, to headquarters, and I have, also, through a private chain of couriers (hence through Maryland to Baltimore), connected with General Steuart, in that city. My first volunteer aid, John S. Barbour, jr., remaining here, will receive dispatches at Alexandria.

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE.

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ORDNANCE DEPARTMENT, Richmond, Va., April 27, 1861.

Major-General LEE, Commanding Army and Navy of Virginia:

GENERAL: As your attention is so much monopolized by the personal applications of our rather unsystematized citizen soldiers, I prefer to put on paper what I have to say:

1st. Without your positive order I fear there, will be a dangerous delay in removing the machinery from Harper’s Ferry. Captain Carter, of this department, sent by me to take charge of and remove this machinery, writes me that it will take probably six weeks to remove it. From the tenor of his letter I conclude that there is a disposition from the surrounding citizens to hold back the removal. Would it not be best for you to instruct General Harper, in command, to push forward this matter?

2d. As there is not room at the armory to work up and pack away all the ammunition for heavy ordnance, field pieces, and small-arms, I respectfully suggest that the laboratory work upon all ammunition for the heavy pieces for stationary batteries be done elsewhere than at the armory, and under the superintendence of a naval officer. Why not at Norfolk? If not there, I can get a large tobacco factory in this city. It is more than I can attend to, having but one officer in my department, and he away at Harper’s Ferry. In conversing with Captain Minor, of {p.786} the Navy, he entirely approves of this; but your order seems to be required. I can attend to all field artillery and foot troops, but wish the heavy guns and their ammunition to be under the Navy Department.

If it be intended to give me an experienced officer to aid me in the Ordnance Department, please do so, but give him a rank beyond that of captain, as if he is experienced he should rank higher than captain. The call for ammunition has been and is yet great. I hope none will be wasted, for we have none to spare. As it now is, General Richardson, adjutant-general, gives the orders for the issues-carefully, I know, but he is importuned excessively. Some assistance, I think, should be given him. Pardon this suggestive communication.

I have the honor to be, yours, very respectfully,

C. DIMMOCK, Colonel of Ordnance.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 28, 1861.

Col. THOMAS J. JACKSON, Virginia Volunteers Commanding Harper’s Ferry, Va.:

COLONEL: The major-general commanding instructs me to direct you to cause all the arms from the Harper’s Ferry Arsenal, now in the hands of the militia and citizens serving at that point, to be returned to you, except such as may be in the hands of those who volunteer and shall be mustered into service by you under your instructions of yesterday. As soon as practicable you are instructed to report here the number and condition of the arms so returned.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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HEADQUARTERS POTOMAC DEPARTMENT, Culpeper Court-House, Va., April 28, 1861-12.30 p. m.

General LEE, Commander-in-Chief, Richmond, Va.:

Having completed the requisite arrangements at Alexandria, and succeeded in informing myself of the actual state of things at that outpost of my command, in sight of the enemy, I proceeded this morning, by the 7 o’clock train, accompanied by the assistant adjutant-general, my aide, and secretary, towards this place, which I reached at 10 a. m., and where I propose, for some time to come, to establish my headquarters. I left all quiet and composed at Alexandria, where by my presence, during the suddenly augmented flow of Northern vandalism through Annapolis, I was so fortunate as to avert alarm and panic.

Intelligence first reached me, ever finding a solution through my knowledge of and confident faith in the existing status, not immediately, in my opinion, threatened to be overthrown, so long as there is nothing more than a mere persistence in a course on the part of the enemy, long ago initiated, and even now only intensified and strengthened; thus solving, as I did, the thousand sensations, rumors, and accounts that poured in upon me during my whole stay in Alexandria.

I have been enabled to infuse the same confidence into the minds of the leading citizens of the place, to have secured their confidence, and to {p.787} have left them for the present tranquil and firm; whilst at the same time I have provided to organize the few troops in that extreme outpost; to provide for strengthening the same for the present up to about one thousand men; to establishing my communications in every direction, and thence to these headquarters; to throw myself in connection with various persons and sources of information at Alexandria; to inform myself as correctly as possible as to the number, efficiency, movements, and animus of the enemy, and by every means in my power to urge on such an organization, drilling, and discipline of the troops of that post as would best prepare them for the trying position they occupy.

In coming here, sir, I find myself, as upon my first arrival in Alexandria, “with naked hands.”

Colonel Jones, fortunately assigned to me as assistant adjutant-general, is the first Army officer to report for duty within my command. He promptly arrived in Alexandria last evening, and is with me here to-day. He will know what to do with his department, but I want an assistant quartermaster-general, a chief of the medical department, an ordnance officer, a chief of military engineering of talent. I had heretofore insinuated a preference in this last connection. I want arms. I am expecting from fifteen hundred to two thousand guns from Harper’s Ferry, when they shall be able to fit them up from the wreck of that place. I want a chief of artillery; I want powder; two or three batteries of field artillery (6-pounders), with caissons, ammunition, complete for service, &c.

My part, now will be to rally the men of the fine country around me, to establish camps of instruction, to wit: Leesburg, Warrenton, headquarters, and at or near Dangerfield, in supporting distance of Alexandria. I want camp equipage for the various encampments above indicated.

In regard to Harper’s Ferry, that most important strategic point on my left, and in connection with which I have not yet been able to place myself in a satisfactory attitude and connection owing to the lack of telegraph communication; of continued rail; for want of fall understanding with the chief of command at that position; for want of the requisite and reliable information of all the various circumstances and conditions affecting the present military state of things at, that post.

I have, since my arrival here, indicated the plan of sending Assistant Adjutant-General Jones, by rail, to-morrow, to that point, to obtain all such information, and to report to me accurately and fully the present condition of things there with as little delay as possible.

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General, Potomac Department, Commanding.

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SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 7.}

HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 28, 1861.

Col. Thomas J. Jackson, Virginia Volunteers, having been assigned to the duty of mustering into service volunteers at Harper’s Ferry and to the command of that place, Maj. Gen. Kenton Harper, of the Virginia, Militia, now in command there, and the militia troops under him, are relieved from duty until further orders. Great credit and commendation is due to General Harper and his Command for the alacrity with which they came to the defense of that part of their State.

By order of Major-General Lee:

R. S. GARNETT. Adjutant-General.

{p.788}

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 29, 1861.

Maj. A. LORING, Commanding Volunteers, Wheeling, Va.:

MAJOR: You will muster into the service of the State such volunteer companies as may offer themselves, in compliance with the call of the governor, take command of them, and direct the military operations for the protection of the terminus of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad on the Ohio River, and also that of the road. It is desirable that the business operations of the company and peaceful travel shall not be interrupted, but be afforded protection. Maj. F. M. Boykin, jr., has been directed to give protection to the road in the vicinity of Grafton. You will place yourself in communication with him, with the view to cooperate, if necessary. You are requested to report the number of companies you may muster into the service, the state of the arms, condition, and all the circumstances connected therewith.

Respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 29, 1861.

Lieut. Col. JOHN MCCAUSLAND:

You will proceed to the valley of the Kanawha, and muster into the service of the State such volunteer companies (not exceeding ten) as may offer their services, in compliance with the call of the governor; take the command of them, and direct the military operations for the protection of that section of country. Your policy will be strictly defensive, and you will endeavor to give quiet and assurance to the inhabitants. It has been reported that two companies are already found in Kanawha County, Captain Patten’s and Captain Sevann’s, and that there are two in Putnam County, Captain Becket’s and Captain Fife’s. It is supposed that others will offer their services. The number of enlisted men to a company, fixed by the Convention, is eighty-two. You will report the condition of the arms, &c., of each company, and, to enable you to supply deficiencies, five hundred muskets, of the old pattern, will be sent. I regret to state that they are the only kind at present for issue. Four field pieces will also be sent you as soon as possible, for the service of which you are desired to organize a company of artillery. The position of the companies at, present is left to your judgment, and you are desired to report what points below Charleston will most effectually accomplish the objects in view.

I am, sir, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 29, 1861.

ANDREW TALCOTT, Esq., Colonel, Engineers:

SIR: You will proceed up James River, to the vicinity of Burwell’s Bay, and select the most suitable point which in your judgment, should be fortified, in order to prevent the ascent of the river by the enemy. {p.789} Lay off the works and leave their construction to Lieut. C. Ap R. Jones, Virginia Navy, who will accompany you. You will then proceed to the mouth of the Appomattox, and there perform the same service, selecting some point below the mouth of that river, supposed to be old Fort Powhatan. Captain Cocke will take charge of the construction of this work. Be pleased to give the above-mentioned officers such instructions as they may require in the construction of these works, and report what you shall have done.

Respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major General, Commanding.

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RICHMOND, VA., April 29, 1861.

Col. R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General, Virginia Army, Richmond, Va.:

SIR: I have the honor to report that there are three light artillery batteries now together at the artillery barracks, Baptist Seminary, viz: Randolph’s (of six pieces, called the Howitzer Battery), Cabell’s (four pieces of light artillery), and Latham’s (four pieces of light artillery). Two pieces will be added to Randolph’s battery, he having two hundred and twenty-five drilled men in his company. I propose that these two pieces should be Parrotts rifled cannon, as being more nearly the weight of Randolph’s howitzers, which are of the Dahlgren pattern.

I have to request that the battery of rifled cannon (Parrotts), now in charge of Captain Walker, and some forty men, not mustered into service, and now at Fredericksburg, Va., be ordered to the artillery barracks near this place, and, after turning over their cannon and implements, that Captain Walker’s company (if it can be made up to its proper complement) be received into the artillery service and drilled, so as to be ready for service with any battery that may be prepared for it.

Randolph’s battery, being divided into two batteries, of four pieces each, both under his command, will thus (with the cadet battery) make six batteries, of four pieces each, which should be housed immediately. I have to request, therefore, that three hundred and fifty-six horses be purchased without delay for mounting these companies, and that the Quartermaster-General should be directed to send them out to the artillery barracks (as they may be called for by requisitions of the captains, approved by the proper authorities), and to furnish, also the necessary halters, riding-saddles and bridles, picket-rope, girths, horse-blankets, horseshoes, and forage; also, that the Ordnance Department be instructed to furnish such batteries of light artillery with their harness and caissons complete, and battery wagons and forges, as may be required from time to time by requisition, and to purchase at once the running-gear of as many wagons as can be conveniently turned into caissons, for the service of such pieces as are or may be mounted.

The following is the estimate of horses for each battery, subject to such modifications as experience may suggest, viz: Randolph’s Dahlgren howitzers, with two rifled guns attached, 84 horses; Cabell’s light battery, of four pieces, 68 horses; Latham’s light battery, of four pieces, 68 horses; rifled battery, of four pieces, at Fredericksburg, 68 horses; cadet battery, of four guns, at the fair grounds, 68 horses. Total for six batteries, 356 horses.

For the purpose of assisting in drilling these companies, I request {p.790} that ten cadets, of the higher classes, be detached and ordered to report to me for temporary duty. They will be borne on the provision return of one of the companies, and arrangements will be made for messing and quartering them comfortably. I recommend that the cadet battery be turned over to me also, to be prepared for the field and for the purposes of drill. I request, also, that as many artillery officers (late of the U. S. Army) as can be spared be ordered to report to me for duty. At present I have no staff officers of any description.

There are field pieces enough in the State for more than twenty companies, or two regiments. Taking that as a basis, and deducting six batteries (the horses of which have been estimated for above), there will be required for the remaining batteries, if six horses to a piece be used, 952 horses; if four, 616 horses. Should any of the batteries be of 12-pounder guns and 24-pounder howitzers, which I would recommend to a limited extent, then the estimate would be increased proportionately.

There is at the camp of the cadets one rifled gun (Parrott), without carriage. I think it ought to be sent to the artillery barracks. Colonel Gillam offered it to me, and also informed me that Sergeant Rapwtsay, an experienced ordnance sergeant, was at my service, and recommended him strongly to me. I should like to have him ordered to report to me at once. I am also informed that the cadets have sixty-five artillery sabers, which I desire to get, as one of the companies of artillery has not an arm of any kind with which to arm themselves, even as sentinels.

As the making of harness for artillery seems to be a slow operation, from the scarcity of mechanics, I would respectfully recommend that a pattern of the artillery harness be sent to each of the considerable towns on the lines of the railroads, where they can be manufactured. Some carriages might also be procured with more rapidity in this way, as well as tents, which the artillery companies, that have reported, are in want of.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

J. BANKHEAD MAGRUDER, Colonel, Virginia Volunteers.

[Indorsement.]

APRIL 30.

Approved (except the adding of Parrott guns to Randolph’s battery) and respectfully forwarded.

J. E. JOHNSTON, Major-General, Virginia Volunteers.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 30, 1861.

Maj. F. M. BOYKIN, JR., Virginia Volunteers, Weston, Va.:

You are desired to take measures to muster into the service of the State such volunteer companies as may offer their services for the protection of the northwestern portion of the State. Assume the command, take post at or near Grafton, unless some other point should offer greater facilities for the command of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and the branch to Parkersburg. It is not the object to interrupt peaceful travel on the road or to offer annoyance to citizens pursuing their usual avocations; {p.791} but to hold the road for the benefit of Maryland and Virginia, and to prevent its being used against them. You will therefore endeavor to obtain the co-operation of the officers of the road, and afford them, on your part, every assistance in your power. You will also endeavor to give quiet and security to the inhabitants of the country.

Maj. A. Loring, at Wheeling, has been directed, with the volunteer companies under his command, to give protection to the road, near its terminus, at the Ohio River, and you will place yourself in communication with him, and co-operate with him, if necessary.

Please state whether a force at Parkersburg will be necessary, and what number of companies can be furnished in that Vicinity. You are requested to report the number of companies you may muster into the service of the State, their arms, condition, &c., and your views as to the best means for the accomplishment of the object in view.

To enable you to supply any deficiency in arms in the companies, two hundred muskets, of the old pattern, flintlocks, will be forwarded by Colonel Jackson, the commanding officer at Harper’s Ferry, to your order, from whence you must take measures to receive them and convey them in safety to their destination, under guard, if necessary. I regret that no other arms are at present for issue.

Very respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 30, 1861.

General WALTER GWYNN, Commanding Virginia Forces, near Norfolk, Va.:

GENERAL: In the report of Col. Andrew Talcott, describing the, defenses of Norfolk and Portsmouth, there is no mention of any projected work designed to prevent the ascent of the Nansemond River, by which it seems that attacking parties might approach the navy-yard from the West. Are defenses necessary in that quarter? It is desirable, so far as possible, to regulate the labor you may require in all your departments by the wants of the several departments, and to direct it to the best advantage, so as to limit the expense as much as possible.

Very respectfully,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., April 30, 1861.

Col. C. DIMMOCK, Ordnance Department:

Major-General Lee directs that, with the knowledge of General Richardson, you will forward, in addition to the two hundred flint-lock muskets for the volunteers of Kanawha Valley, four iron 6-pounder cannon, dismounted, and twenty rounds of ammunition, and axles for the carriages, if they can be spared.

Very respectfully,

JOHN M. BROOKE, Lieutenant, Virginia Navy.

{p.792}

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RICHMOND ARMORY, April 30, 1861.

General J. E. JOHNSTON, Virginia Volunteers:

SIR: On inquiry from the armorer here, I find we have on hand the following arms: Altered muskets, 1,500; U. S. flint-muskets, 6,000; English muskets, 300; Sharp’s carbines (rifled), 93; Harper’s Ferry rifles (sword-bayonets), 300; Virginia altered rifles, 250; flint-rifles, 300; U. S. altered rifles, 50; revolvers of all kinds, 170; flint-pistols, 400.

I have the honor to remain, general, your obedient servant,

JNO. S. SAUNDERS, Captain, Virginia Volunteers.

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MONTGOMERY, May 1, 1861.

Governor JOHN LETCHER, Richmond, Va.:

I have received no reply to my dispatch of the 26th of April, relative to the military force of Virginia, its organization and disposition. Until this information is received, it is impossible for the President to determine in what manner he can best execute the convention between your Commonwealth and this Government, by which that force was made subject to his control.

L. P. WALKER.

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EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENT, May 1, 1861.

General Lee will give instructions to call out volunteers to the extent that may be necessary for the defenses at Harper’s Ferry.

JOHN LETCHER.

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RICHMOND, May 1, 1861.

Hon. L. P. WALKER:

Arrangements have been made to call out, if necessary, 50,000 volunteers from Virginia, to be rendezvoused at Norfolk, Richmond, Fredericksburg, Alexandria, Harper’s Ferry, Grafton, Kanawha, Parkersburg, and Moundsville. Convention has authorized a provisional army of 10,000. Our troops are poorly armed. Tolerable supply of powder; deficient in caps.

JNO. LETCHER.

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ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, Montgomery, May 1, 1861.

Lieut. Col. E. K. SMITH, C. S. A., Lynchburg, Va.:

Three regiments from Tennessee, two from Alabama, two from Mississippi, and one from Arkansas, in all eight regiments, to concentrate at Lynchburg.

S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General.

{p.793}

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Extracts from the proceedings of the Advisory Council of the State of Virginia.

WEDNESDAY, May 1, 1861.

Present, John J. Allen, president; Francis H. Smith? M. F. Maury, and. Robert L. Montague.

...

A telegram from Governor Harris, of Tennessee, stating that the telegram from the governor of Virginia of 22d April, asking how far Tennessee could be relied on for co-operation, had been received, and that at the same time he had received a telegram from the Secretary of War of the Confederate States, asking him to send three regiments to rendezvous at Lynchburg to aid Virginia, and informing him that the troops sent should be mustered into the service of the Confederate States and armed and provisioned at Lynchburg. Governor Harris says, further, that the troops are ready to go to Lynchburg if they can be armed and provisioned there, but that it sent they will desire to continue as troops of Tennessee, so as to be subject to recall if they are wanted at home.

Advised unanimously that the following telegram be returned in answer to Governor Harris:

...

JOHN J. ALLEN. FRANCIS H. SMITH. M. F. MAURY. RO. L. MONTAGUE.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 1, 1861.

Col. T. J. JACKSON, Commanding Harper’s Ferry, Va.:

COLONEL: Under authority of the governor of the State, you are directed to call out volunteer companies from the counties in the valley adjacent to Harper’s Ferry, viz, Morgan, Berkeley, Jefferson, Hampshire, Hardy, Frederick, and Clarke, including the troops you may muster in at Harper’s Ferry, not counting five regiments of infantry, one regiment of cavalry, and two batteries of light artillery, of four pieces each. The average number of enlisted men in each company will be eighty-two, and the troops will be directed to rendezvous at Harper’s Ferry. You will select, as far as possible, uniformed companies with arms, organize them into regiments under the senior captains, until proper field officers can be appointed. You will report the number of companies accepted in the service of the State under this authority, their description, arms, &c. Five hundred Louisiana troops, said to be en route for this place, will be directed to report to you, and you will make provision accordingly.

You are desired to urge the transfer of all the machinery, materials, &c., from Harper’s Ferry, as fast as possible, and have it, prepared in Winchester for removal to Strasburg, whence it will be ordered to a place of safety. The machinery ordered to this place must be forwarded with dispatch, as has already been directed. The remainder will {p.794} await at Strasburg further orders. All the machinery of the rifle factory, and everything-of value therein, will be also removed as rapidly as your means will permit. If the troops can be advantageously used in the removal of the machinery, they will be so employed. It is thought probable that some attack may be made upon your position from Pennsylvania, and you will keep yourself as well informed as possible of any movements against you. Should it become necessary to the defense of your position, you will destroy the bridge across the Potomac. You are particularly directed to keep your plans and operations secret, and endeavor to prevent their being published in the papers of the country.

I am, sir, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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Extracts from the proceedings of the Advisory Council of the State of Virginia.

THURSDAY, May 2, 1861.

An application from the governor of Missouri, communicated verbally by a special messenger, for arms and ordnance and for drawings of machinery, &c., necessary for their manufacture was brought before the council.

Advised unanimously that the governor of Missouri be supplied with copies of all the drawings at our command, but for the present it is out of our power to loan arms or ordnance stores.

...

The council unanimously advise that the governor send a special agent to the legislature of Maryland, to assure them of the sympathy of Virginia, and to say that should the legislature think proper to commit the power and authority of the State of Maryland, in co-operation with Virginia and the Confederate States, in resistance to the aggressions of the Government at Washington, then and in that case Virginia will afford all practicable facilities for the furtherance of such object, and will place such arms at the disposal of the Maryland authorities as she may have it in her power to give; and, further, that the governor report to President Davis informing him of this action on the part of the State.

...

JOHN J. ALLEN. FRANCIS H. SMITH. M. F. MAURY. RO. L. MONTAGUE.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 2, 1861.

General P. ST. GEORGE COCKE:

GENERAL: The commanding general has to-day ordered two hundred flint-lock muskets, with fifty rounds of ammunition for each, to be Sent without delay to Alexandria, for the troops in and around that point. You are requested to notify the officer in command of the fact.

I am, sir, very respectfully,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

{p.795}

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 2, 1861.

Brigadier-General COCKE, Virginia Volunteers:

GENERAL: You were telegraphed this morning to place Lieutenant-Colonel Taylor or other experienced officer in command of the troops in and about Alexandria. The general directs that he, be instructed to take measures to secure the guns, ammunition, and provisions, and to, unite with the officers of the railroad companies in securing all the rolling stock of their roads, and in effectually breaking up the roads themselves, should he be driven by force from that point.

I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 2, 1861.

Major-General GWYNN, Commanding Norfolk, Va.:

GENERAL: I am instructed by Major-General Lee to say that, in consequence of rumors of a contemplated attack upon Norfolk, he directs the removal, as soon as possible, to a place of security, of such material-copper, lead, zinc, &c.-as may be of importance to the State and not essential to the service of your post.

Very respectfully, your obedient servant,

JOHN M. BROOKE, Lieutenant, Virginia Navy.

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HEADQUARTERS POTOMAC DEPARTMENT, Culpeper Court-House, Va., May 2, 1861.

Major-General LEE, Commander-in-Chief:

SIR: I send herewith copies of instructions to Brigadier-General Ruggles, commanding on-my left. [?] Also a copy of the report of Lieutenants Maury and Smith, C. S. Navy, in regard to the condition of the Northern forces in Washington and on the Potomac, in connection with our designs upon a certain point. I concur in the correctness, in the main, of their (M. and S.) views of that condition, and instruct Brigadier-General Ruggles accordingly. I also gave General Ruggles general outline instructions, as asked for by himself in other connections. You will please aid us both in organizing, in the manner indicated, should you approve our views, or else instruct me how you would have their views and designs modified.

Very respectfully, your most obedient,

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General, Commanding.

[Inclosures.]

HEADQUARTERS POTOMAC DEPARTMENT, Culpeper Court-House, May 2, 1861-7 a. m.

General RUGGLES, Fredericksburg, Va. :

After consultation with Lieutenants Maury and Smith, of the Navy, I find the time is not yet when we should unmask our designs upon a certain point, or when we are in force sufficient to enter fully upon that {p.796} enterprise, in the very face of the enemy, now probably fifty thousand strong at Washington, Annapolis, and the Potomac River. The heavy guns should doubtless be held ready in your rear, and in mine until we shall be, ready, on both hues of operations, to converge, unmask, and force on that enterprise in the face of any odds that can be brought against us. Strengthen your position, therefore, with men, munitions, and heavy ordnance, while I shall do the same. As to your front, cover it with the “eyes and cars of an army”-cavalry-as best you may. Observe the enemy; gather intelligence; keep at your outposts lines of vedettes and couriers; gather, therefore, all the cavalry you can in your district, without infringing on mine; strengthen yourself in infantry and field artillery; drill, organize, equip, discipline, and generally get ready to converge with me when the time shall come; keep yourself in regular, prompt, and speedy communication with my headquarters, through all media-rail, wire, and courier; report to Assistant Adjutant-General Jones from time to time the numbers, description, and general condition of all forces under your command, and how located or distributed.

Very respectfully, your most obedient,

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General, Commanding.

CULPEPER COURT-HOUSE, April 29, 1861.

General P. ST. GEO. COCKE, Commanding on Line of Potomac, Culpeper Court-House, Va.

SIR: In obedience to your order we have conferred upon the subject of placing a battery at the point indicated in your instructions, and have the honor to make the following report:

To place this battery a large supporting force will be necessary, and as the Federal Government has now in Washington 7 as we believe, twenty or twenty-five thousand troops, and means of transporting four or five thousand in a few hours to any point on the Potomac, we consider a movement of that kind at present injudicious. We would respectfully suggest that the two 8-inch guns, ammunition, &c., now in Alexandria be removed to this or some other point on the railroad, where they would be in a safer position.

We are, respectfully, your obedient servants,

WM. L. MAURY, WM. TAYLOR SMITH, Lieutenants, State Navy.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 2, 1861.

Brigadier-General COCKE, Alexandria, Va.:

GENERAL: Your communication of this date, inclosing one to General Ruggles and one from Lieutenants Smith and Maury, State Navy, have been received. Captain Lynch, State Navy, has been sent to examine the defensible points of the Potomac, and when anything, based upon his report, has been definitely determined upon, you will be duly informed of it. Colonel Terrett, Virginia volunteers, will be ordered to report to you, when you will be able to put him in command at Alexandria in the place of Colonel Taylor.

I am, sir, very respectfully,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

{p.797}

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ORDNANCE, DEPARTMENT, Richmond, Va., May 2, 1861.

Col. R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General:

SIR: Captain Carter, of this department, has just returned from Harper’s Ferry, and reports that a large portion of the machinery and all the materials are still unmoved. I am so impressed with the importance of securing this property, that I report these facts for the information of the General-in-Chief. If more expedition be not made, may it not be recaptured?

I am, very respectfully,

O. DIMMOCK, Colonel of Ordnance.

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PETERSBURG, May 2, 1861.

Hon. L. P. WALKER:

Reliably reported enemy will occupy Alexandria. Large force in Washington. Maryland overwhelmed, and reaction there against us. Confusion in our own councils in Richmond. Extremely important President Davis be there.

ROGER A. PRYOR.

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RICHMOND, May 3, 1861.

By the Governor of Virginia.

A PROCLAMATION.

The sovereignty of the Commonwealth of Virginia having been denied, her territorial rights assailed, her soil threatened with invasion by the authorities at Washington, and every artifice employed which could inflame the people of the Northern States and misrepresent our purposes And wishes, it becomes the solemn duty of every citizen of this State to prepare for the impending conflict. These misrepresentations have been carried to such extent that foreigners and naturalized citizens who but a few years ago were denounced by the North and deprived of essential rights have now been induced to enlist into regiments for the purpose of invading this State, which then vindicated those rights and effectually resisted encroachments which threatened their destruction. Against such a policy and against a force which the Government at Washington, relying upon its numerical strength, is now rapidly concentrating, it becomes the State of Virginia to prepare proper safeguards. To this end and for these purposes, and with a determination to repel invasion, I, John Letcher, governor of the Commonwealth of Virginia, by authority of the Convention, do hereby authorize the commanding general of the military forces of this State to call out and cause to be mustered into the service of Virginia, from time to time, as the public exigencies may require, such additional number of volunteers as he may deem necessary.

To facilitate this call the annexed schedule will indicate the places of rendezvous at which the companies called for will assemble upon receiving orders for service.

{p.798}

Given under my hand, as governor, and under the seal of the Commonwealth, at Richmond, this third day of May, 1861, and in the eighty-fifth year of the Commonwealth.

JOHN LETCHER.

By the governor:

GEORGE W. MUNFORD, Secretary of the Commonwealth.

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Extracts from the proceedings of the Advisory Council of the State of Virginia.

FRIDAY, May 3, 1861.

...

Judge Cooke, the special messenger from the governor of Missouri, having again appeared before the council and urged what he believed to be the extreme importance, in the present juncture of affairs in that State, of a favorable response to the application presented by him yesterday, at least so far as may secure the delivery to him at the Portsmouth navy-yard of the heavy ordnance asked for:

Advised unanimously that General Gwynn be instructed to furnish, upon the order of the governor of Missouri, the heavy ordnance called for in his requisition, provided that the order can be filled without detriment to the public service at Norfolk, in all twenty-two pieces, ten 24 and 18-pounder siege guns, four 8-pounder howitzers, six 8 or 10-inch mortars, and two 8-inch columbiads.

...

JOHN J. ALLEN. FRANCIS H. SMITH. M. F. MAURY. RO. L. MONTAGUE.

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ADJUTANT AND INSPECTOR GENERAL’S OFFICE, Montgomery, May 3, 1861.

Maj. Gen. R. E. LEE, Commanding State Forces, Richmond, Va.:

GENERAL: So soon as it was ascertained that a considerable body of troops was to be assembled at Lynchburg, Va., the Secretary of War directed Lieut. Col. E. K. Smith, of the cavalry, to proceed to that city in command, and sent with him Maj. H. L. Clay, assistant adjutant-general, and Capt. Thomas G. Williams, commissary. This course was adopted without any knowledge of an intention on your part of sending an officer of the State forces there. As there, may be some conflict of authority should both commanders remain, it is respectfully suggested that the State officer be withdrawn, and that Lieutenant-Colonel Smith, who is personally known to you, be left in charge.

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

S. COOPER, Adjutant and Inspector General.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 3, 1861.

General P. ST. GEORGE COCKE, Alexandria, Va.:

GENERAL: Under the authority of the governor of Virginia, by his proclamation of the 3d instant, you are hereby authorized to call out {p.799} and muster into the service of the State volunteer companies from the counties of Alexandria, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, Fauquier, Rappahannock, Culpeper, Madison, Greene, Orange, Albemarle, Nelson, Amherst, Campbell, Bedford, Roanoke, Botetourt, and Craig. The troops from the first five named counties may be directed to rendezvous at Leesburg and Warrenton, as you may find most advantageous. Those from the five next named at Culpeper Court-House; those from Albemarle, Nelson, and Amherst at Charlottesville; the remainder at Lynchburg. The whole number of companies thus called into service, including those now in the service of the State and under your command, will not exceed ten regiments of infantry and rifles, two of cavalry, and eight companies of artillery. You will organize them into regiments, associating, as far as possible, companies from the same section of the State, and place them temporarily under such officers as may be available until their proper field officers can be appointed by the governor. It will be necessary to send officers to the respective rendezvous, to muster them into the service, and it is hoped that you will be able to rapidly organize the whole force. You are desired to report as soon as practicable the number of companies mustered into the service of the State, their arms, condition, &c. You will give directions to the mustering officers to select from the companies that offer those that are best armed and instructed and give promise of efficient service.

Very respectfully, &c.

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 3, 1861.

Maj. Gen. W. GWYNN, Commanding at Norfolk, Va.:

GENERAL: Under the authority of the governor of Virginia, by his proclamation of the 3d instant, you are hereby authorized to call out and muster into the service of the State volunteer companies from the counties of Norfolk, Nansemond, Princess Anne, Southampton, Greensville, and the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth, not exceeding, with the State troops already in the service and under your command, six regiments of infantry and artillery and four companies of cavalry. You will organize them into regiments, associating, as far as possible, companies from the same section of the State, and place them temporarily under such officers as may be available until their proper officers can be appointed by the governor. It is hoped that you will be able rapidly to organize the whole force, and, with the troops from Georgia, be prepared by land and water to defend your position. Should your force be inadequate, please report the fact 5 and, if the cavalry authorized be unnecessary, You can substitute for them an equal number of infantry or artillery companies. You are desired to report as soon as possible the number of companies mustered into the service of the State, their arms, condition, &c.

Very respectfully,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

{p.800}

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 3, 1861.

Maj. Gen. W. GWYNN, Norfolk, Va.:

GENERAL: I am instructed by Major-General Lee, referring to his communication of the 2d instant in relation to the removal to a place of safety of such materials, &c., of importance to the State, now at Norfolk, to say that he, desires also the removal of such of the following articles as are not required for the defense of Norfolk, viz: powder, shot, cannon, pikes, and shells. As there is a deficiency of arms in the cavalry, some pikes might be usefully employed in that service. The president of the Danville Railroad Company has offered the means and appliances of transportation.

Very respectfully, &c.,

JOHN M. BROOKE, Virginia Navy, Acting Aide-de-Camp.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 3, 1861.

Col. W. B. TALIAFERRO, Gloucester Court-House, Va.:

COLONEL: I have the honor to inform you that you have been appointed colonel of Virginia volunteers. Your commission will be forwarded by the governor. If you accept the position, you are desired to take command of the troops ordered to Gloucester Point, to defend the passage of York River. Maj. P. R. Page has been previously directed to muster into the service of the State, in compliance with the call of the governor, such companies of volunteers as may offer their services.

A battery is now under construction at Gloucester Point, in charge of Captain Whittle, Virginia Navy, with whom you are desired to cooperate in its construction and defense.

Respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 3, 1861.

Col. C. Q. TOMPKINS, Charleston, Kanawha County, Va.:

COLONEL: I have the honor to inform you that you have been appointed colonel of Virginia volunteers. Your commission is herewith forwarded to you. If you accept, you will take command of such troops as may be called out in Kanawha under the proclamation of the governor.

Lieut. Col. John McCausland has been previously directed to muster into the service such companies as may volunteer under the call of the governor. You will take measures to secure the safety and quiet of that county. Report what point you will occupy for the purpose.

Four field-pieces, 6-pounders, and some muskets, have been sent to the Kanawha Valley, subject to the order of Lieut. Col. John McCausland.

I am, sir, very respectfully,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant General.

{p.801}

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NORFOLK, VA., May 3, 1861.

Maj. Gen. R. E. LEE, Commanding:

SIR: I am in receipt of telegraphic dispatches of this date, signed by Charles E. Talcott, superintendent of the Richmond and Danville Railroad, L. E. Harvie, and one from yourself, referring them to me. I feel confident I can hold the Navy-yard against any force now apprehended; but, in order to insure its defense, there should be five thousand troops collected here as soon as possible.

WALTER GWYNN.

[Indorsement.]

HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, May 3, 1861.

Respectfully submitted for the information of his excellency Governor Letcher.

Five thousand volunteers, including those now in service at Norfolk, have been called out to-day. In addition, the Georgia and Alabama regiments are ordered there.

R. E. LEE, Major-General.

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[HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, May 3, 1861.]

Maj. H. B. TOMLIN, Richmond, Va., (King William Court-House):

MAJOR: I have the honor to inform you that you have been appointed major of Virginia volunteers. Your commission will be forwarded to you by the governor. Should you accept, you are hereby authorized, under the proclamation of the governor of Virginia, of the 3d instant, to call out, from the counties of King William and New Kent, two companies of infantry or rifles and one company of artillery.

It is designed to place at West Point, King William County, a battery (from four to six guns), to prevent the ascent of hostile vessels, and guard the terminus of the railroad. The troops you have been ordered to collect are for the protection and defense of this battery. It will be constructed as soon as the proper officer can be obtained for the purpose, and you are desired to take post at that point, and do all in your power to forward the objects in view, and give instruction and discipline to the troops. You will report the number of companies mustered into the service, arms, condition, &c.

Very respectfully, &c.,

THOS. J. PAGE, Virginia Navy, Acting Aide-de-Camp.

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RICHMOND, May 4, 1861.

Hon. L. P. WALKER:

Threatening demonstrations to recover Norfolk navy-yard made necessary to divert the Georgians at Weldon for Norfolk.

JNO. LETCHER. {p.802}

HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 4, 1861.

Col. T. J. JACKSON, Commanding Virginia Volunteers, Harper’s Ferry, Va.:

COLONEL: The letter addressed to you, of this day’s date, was erroneous. You will therefore destroy it, and, instead of extending your call for volunteers to the counties of Page, Pendleton, and Warren, as therein directed, extend it to the counties of Shenandoah, Page, Warren, and Rockingham, limiting the number of troops to that specified in letter of the 1st instant.

Respectfully, your obedient servant,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 4, 1861.

Maj. A. LORING, Wheeling, Va.:

MAJOR: The authority given you to call out volunteers in the service of the State, by my letter of the 29th ultimo, has, by the proclamation of the governor, of the 3d instant, been confined to the counties of Tyler, Wetzel, Marshall, Ohio, Brooke, and Hancock, and you will act accordingly.

Very respectfully, &c., your obedient servant,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 4, 1861.

Col. GEORGE A. PORTERFIELD, Harper’s Ferry, Va.:

COLONEL: You are directed to repair to Grafton, Taylor County, Virginia, and select a position for the troops called into the service of the State, for the protect-ion and defense of that part of the country. It is desired to hold both branches of the railroad to the Ohio River, to prevent its being used to the injury of the State. You must, therefore, choose your position with this view, that you may readily re-enforce troops on either branch. Maj. A. Loring, at Wheeling, has been directed, with the volunteer force under his command, to give protection to the terminus of the main road at the Ohio River, with whom you will communicate and co-operate. You will also place a force on the Parkersburg Branch, at such point as you may select, under a suitable officer, with necessary orders for his guidance. Maj. F. M. Boykin, jr., of the Virginia volunteers, who will act under your orders, has been previously authorized to call out volunteers from that section of country, and you are authorized, under the proclamation of the governor, of the 3d instant, to extend the call to the counties of Wood, Wirt, Roane, Calhoun, Gilmer, Ritchie, Pleasant, and Doddridge, to rendezvous at Parkersburg, and to the counties of Braxton, Lewis, Harrison, Monongalia, Taylor, Barbour, Upshur, Tucker, Marion, Randolph, and Preston, to rendezvous at Grafton.

It is not known what number of companies will offer their services but it is supposed that a regiment, composed of infantry, riflemen, and {p.803} artillery, may be obtained for the Parkersburg Branch; a similar force for the main road, near Moundsville, and three regiments for the reserve, near Grafton; and you are authorized to receive into the service of the State that amount of force. You will report the number of companies mustered into the service, their condition, arms, &c.

Two hundred muskets have been sent to Colonel Jackson, commanding at Harper’s Ferry, to the order of Major Boykin, which will be distributed under your orders, and you will cause proper receipts to be taken from the captains of companies for, the security of the State. More arms, &c., will be forwarded to you on your requisition. It is not intended to interfere with the peaceful use of the road, and you are desired to obtain the co-operation of its officers and agents in the accomplishment of the purpose of the State, and, on your part, to aid them in its management as much as possible.

Second Lieuts. J. G. Gittings and W. E. Kemble, of the Provisional Army of Virginia, have been ordered to report to you for duty.

Very respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 4, 1861.

General DANIEL RUGGLES, Fredericksburg, Va.:

GENERAL: Under the authority of the governor of Virginia, by his proclamation of the 3d instant, you are hereby authorized to call out and muster into the service of the State, volunteer companies’ from Fredericksburg, the counties of Stafford, Spotsylvania, and Caroline, to rendezvous at Fredericksburg; and from the counties of King George and Westmoreland, to rendezvous at King George Court-House. The whole number of companies thus called, including those already in the service of the State and under your command, will not exceed two regiments of infantry and riflemen, two companies of artillery, and two companies of cavalry. A portion of this force will be assigned to the defense of the terminus of the railroad at Aquia Creek and adjacent country, and the remainder held for the defense of such points on the Rappahannock and Potomac Rivers as may be necessary, or hereafter designated. You will organize the troops into regiments, associating together, as far as possible, companies from the same section of the State, and place them temporarily under such officers as may be available until their proper field officers can be appointed by the governor. It will be necessary to appoint officers to muster the troops that may assemble at the respective rendezvous, and you will report, as soon as practicable, the number of companies received into service, their arms, condition, &c. It is hoped that you will rapidly organize the whole force, and the companies that are best armed and instructed from among those that offer will be selected for the service.

I am, respectfully, your obedient servant,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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SPECIAL ORDERS, No. 16.}

HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 4, 1861.

All volunteer troops from the State of Georgia in and about Richmond {p.804} are ordered to repair, without delay, to Norfolk, and report to Major-General Gwynn.

By order of Major-General Lee:

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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NORFOLK, VA., May 5, 1861.

Major-General LEE:

If the Alabama troops, or any portion of them have arrived at Richmond, send them to this point, to General Gwynn.

JNO. LETCHER.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 5, 1861.

Maj. Gen. W. GWYNN, Commanding, &c., Norfolk, Va.:

SIR: Twenty-five thousand rounds of musket ammunition have been ordered to you, on your requisition for one hundred thousand. It is all that can be spared for the present. You have powder and lead, which is all we have here, and the general desires that you take immediate steps for preparing your own ammunition, as we are doing.

I am, &c.,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

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HEADQUARTERS POTOMAC DEPARTMENT, Culpeper Court-House, May 5, 1861.

Commissioned by the governor, with the sanction of the council, confirmed by the Convention, in the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers, to date from the 21st April, 1861, and placed in command of all the military troops and defenses on the Potomac border of the State, I proceeded, in company with Brigadier-General Ruggles, my second in command, from Richmond, he to take up his headquarters at Fredericksburg, whilst I should take position in front of Washington, and, in connection with the commanding officer at Harper’s Ferry, on my left, thus cover and defend our Potomac border against invasion from the North.

After visiting Alexandria, and making the necessary observations and arrangements at that post, I proceeded to take up my headquarters at this place on Sunday morning, April 28.

The governor’s proclamation of the 3d instant, declaring that “the sovereignty of the Commonwealth of Virginia having been denied, her territorial rights assailed, her soil threatened with invasion by the authorities of Washington, and every artifice employed which could inflame the people of the Northern States to misrepresent our purposes and wishes, it becomes the solemn duty of every citizen of this State to prepare for the impending conflict, and authorizing the commanding general of the military forces of the State to call out and cause to be mustered into the service of Virginia, from time to time, as the public exigencies may require, such additional number of volunteers as he may deem necessary”; and the commanding general, following up the proclamation {p.805} of the governor, having ordered me to call out and muster into the service of the State volunteer companies from the “counties of Alexandria, Fairfax, Loudoun, Prince William, Fauquier, Rappahannock, Culpeper, Madison, Greene, Orange, Albemarle, Nelson, Amherst, Campbell, Bedford, Roanoke, Botetourt, and Craig; the troops from the first five counties to rendezvous at Leesburg and Warrenton; those from the five next named at Culpeper Court-House; those from Albemarle, Amherst, and Nelson at Charlottesville; the remaining at Lynchburg,” the whole will be organized into regiments of rifles or infantry, cavalry and artillery, and be placed temporarily under such field and other officers as may be available, until their proper field officers can be appointed by the governor.

Officers will be sent to the respective rendezvous to muster these troops into service and rapidly to organize the whole force.

Therefore, I call upon the brave men within the geographical limits above indicated to respond instantly to this demand upon their patriotism in defense of all that is held sacred and dear to freemen. Men of the Potomac Military Department, to arms! The once peaceful capital of the United States is now the great rallying point of the armed military power of the North! The Constitution of your country, the sovereign rights of your State, truth, justice, and liberty, are all ignored and outraged amidst the brutal and frenzied cry of the North for force, force!

At this moment hosts of armed men profane by their insolent presence the city, the grave, and the memory of Washington, whilst an unbroken stream of thousands in arms violate the soil of Maryland and murder her citizens in their march to re-enforce and occupy the capital.

And for what? The capital has never been threatened; it is not now threatened. It is beyond and outside the limits of the free and sovereign State of Virginia.

The North has not openly, and according to the usage of civilized nations, declared war on us. We make no war on them; but should Virginia soil or the grave of Washington be polluted by the tread of a single man in arms from north of the Potomac, it will cause open war. Men of the Potomac border, men of the Potomac Military Department, to arms! Your country calls you to her defense. Already you have in spirit responded. You await but the order to march, to rendezvous, to organize, to defend your State, your liberties, and your homes.

Women of Virginia! Cast from your arms all cowards, and breathe the pure and holy, the high and glowing, inspirations of your nature into the hearts and souls of lover, husband, brother, father, friend!

Almighty God! Author and Governor of the world; Thou source of all light, life, truth, justice, and power, be Thou our God! Be Thou with us! Then shall we fear not a world against us!

PHILIP ST. GEO. COCKE, Brigadier-General, Commanding Potomac Department.

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MONTGOMERY, May 6, 1861.

Governor JOHN LETCHER, Richmond:

Do you desire this Government to assume any control over military operations in Virginia? If so, to what extent?*

L. P. WALKER.

* Answer not found.

{p.806}

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 6, 1861.

Col. P. ST. GEORGE COCKE, Commanding Virginia Forces, Culpeper Court-House, Va.:

COLONEL: You are desired to post at Manassas Gap Junction a force sufficient to defend that point against an attack likely to be made against it by troops from Washington. It will be necessary to give this point your personal attention.

Respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 6, 1861.

Col. JUBAL A. EARLY, Rocky Mountain, Franklin County, Va.:

COLONEL: You are directed to repair to Lynchburg, Campbell County, Va., and to take command of the troops that will be mustered into the service of the State at that point by Lieut. Col. D. A. Langhorne. You will organize these troops into regiments, associating, as far as possible, troops from the same section of the State. The troops from the counties of Campbell, Bedford, Roanoke, Botetourt, and Craig are to be united distinct from those of the other counties, except so far as may be necessary to complete their organization. Place them under such officers as may be available, until their proper officers are appointed by the governor. You are requested to organize, instruct, and prepare the whole force for service at as early a day as possible, and to report, as soon as possible, the number of companies mustered into the service of the State, their arms, condition, &c.

I am, respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 6, 1861.

Col. T. J. JACKSON, Commanding Volunteers, Harper’s Ferry, Va. :

COLONEL: I consider it probable that the Government at Washington will make a movement against Harper’s Ferry, and occupy the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad with that view, or use the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal for the transportation of troops. You are desired to watch these avenues of approach, and endeavor to frustrate, their designs. On receiving certain intelligence of the approach of troops it will become necessary to destroy the bridge at Harper’s Ferry and obstruct their passage, by the canal as much as possible. You might make some confidential arrangements with persons in Maryland to destroy the Monocacy railroad bridge and draw the water out of the canal, should there be assurances of the enemy’s attempt to make use of either.

You are authorized to offer the payment of $5 for each musket that may be returned of those taken possession of by the people in and about Harper’s Ferry.

{p.807}

It is advisable that you establish some troops at Martinsburg, or other more advantageous point, if your force will permit. I desire that you will report the amount of your present force and the number of volunteers that will probably respond to the call of the governor from the counties indicated in his proclamation.

Respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 6, 1861.

Lieut. Col. D. A. LANGHORNE, Lynchburg, Va.:

COLONEL: Under the authority of the governor of Virginia, by his proclamation of the 3d instant, you are hereby authorized to call out and muster into the service of the State volunteer companies from the counties of Campbell, Bedford, Roanoke, Botetourt, Craig, Giles, Mercer Tazewell Wise, Buchanan, McDowell, Smythe, Wythe, Pulaski, Montgomery, Carroll, Floyd, Patrick, Henry, and Franklin, to rendezvous at Lynchburg, Campbell County, not to exceed five regiments of infantry and riflemen and one regiment of cavalry. You will organize them into regiments, associating together, as far as possible, the troops from Campbell, Bedford, Roanoke, Botetourt, and Craig, and associate the troops from the other above-named counties together, as far as possible, with reference to the sections of the State from which they come. Col. J. A. Early has been directed to take command of the troops as mustered. Place them under such officers as may be available, until their proper field officers can be appointed by the governor, and, in event of his absence, you will perform this duty until his arrival. It is hoped that the whole force will be rapidly organized, and you are requested to report, as soon as possible, the number of companies mustered into the service of the State, their arms, condition, &c., and make arrangements for their provision, accommodation, &c.

I am, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 6, 1861.

Col. D. RUGGLES, Virginia Volunteers, Fredericksburg, Va..

COLONEL: Captain Lynch, of the Navy, has been instructed to use the four guns first intended for Mathias Point to protect the approaches to Fredericksburg from the Potomac. You are instructed so to dispose of the force under your command as to aid, to the extent of your power, in this purpose. Measures must be taken to destroy the railroad approach to wharf, &c., if our troops should be driven by force from its terminus, in such an effectual manner that they cannot be opened again by the enemy without great delay.

I am, sir, &c.,

R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General.

{p.808}

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., May 6, 1861.

Lieut. Col. D. A. LANGHORNE, Lynchburg, Va.:

COLONEL: In my letter to you of this date you were directed to muster the volunteer companies from the counties of Campbell, Bedford, Roanoke, Botetourt, and Craig distinct from the troops coming from the other counties named in my letter. The reason of this is, that Col. P. St. G. Cocke had already been ordered to muster the troops from these five counties into the service of the State, and to send an officer to Lynchburg for that purpose, and they are designed to serve in his division. The order to Colonel Cocke to send an officer to Lynchburg to muster the troops from these counties will be countermanded, and, though mustered into service by you, they will be considered as a part of the troops intended for Colonel Cocke’s line, who will order them to some point on his line, after you notify him that they have been mustered into service.

Respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HEADQUARTERS VIRGINIA FORCES, Richmond, Va., Hay 6, 1861.

Lieut. Col. JOHN ECHOLS, Union, Monroe County, Va.:

COLONEL: Under the authority of the governor of Virginia, by his proclamation of the 3d instant, you are hereby authorized to call out and muster into the service of the State volunteer companies from the counties of Pendleton, Augusta, Pocahontas, Monroe, Highland, Bath, Rockbridge, Greenbrier, and Alleghany, to rendezvous at Staunton, in Augusta County. The whole number of companies thus called into service will not exceed two regiments of infantry and riflemen. You Will organize them into regiments, associating together, as far as possible, troops from the same region. Place them under such officers as are available, until their proper field officers can be appointed by the governor. It is hoped that you will be able rapidly to organize the whole force, and you are requested to report as soon as possible the number of companies mustered into the service of the State, their arms, condition, &C.

I am, respectfully, &c.,

R. E. LEE, Major-General, Commanding.

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HDQRS. BRIGADIER-GENERAL COMMANDING, Norfolk, Va., May 6, 1861.

Maj. Gen. ROBERT E. LEE, Commanding Forces of the State of Virginia:

GENERAL: I have received your communication of the 3d instant,* and am happy to assure you that, while there was some difference of opinion between Flag Officer French Forrest and myself in regard to the extent of my command over the munitions and stores of the navy {p.809} yard, as well as in other parts of my command, there has been, and ,still [is], the most cordial co-operation in all measures intended for the common defense, not only between Commodore Forrest and myself, but between all the officers of the Army and Navy in this command. As an illustration of this, I may mention that one of the most important posts of my command, viz, Fort Norfolk, is under the command of Capt. Arthur Sinclair, of the Navy, including all the land forces stationed at that post.

The immediate occasion of the communication of Commodore Forrest, of which I sent you the copy, was the act of Captain Fairfax, ordnance officer, in taking possession without my knowledge of the whole supply of percussion caps within my control, the greater part of which, I understood he was about to send off to Richmond under an order from Colonel Dimmock, which would have left my whole force inefficient. Besides which, I had not been able, notwithstanding my repeated requests, to get any sufficient information as to the quantity of munitions and stores in the navy-yard, which information was indispensable to the proper discharge of my duties. Under these circumstances I thought it best to send that communication to Commodore Forrest with a view to the prevention of further embarrassments and misunderstandings. I must add that I have not yet been able to get the inventory of the munitions and stores in the navy-yard, nor has the commodore made any reply to that part of the above-mentioned communication. I trust, however, that your communication will remove all doubt upon the point of difference above indicated.

I have the honor to be, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

WALTER GWYNN, Brigadier-General, Commanding Forces in Norfolk Harbor.

* Not found.

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DIVISION HEADQUARTERS, Harper’s Ferry, Va., May 6, 1861.

General LEE, Commander-in-Chief:

GENERAL: I assumed command of this post on Monday last, soon after my arrival here. Since that time I have been busily occupied organizing the command and mustering the troops into service. I send herewith a report of the strength for May 4.* To-morrow I will give you a more detailed account of the forces, equipments, &c. All the troops have been mustered into service, except some companies on detached service. I have occupied the Virginia and Maryland Heights, and I am about fortifying the former with block-houses of sufficient strength to resist an attempt to carry them by storm. Whenever the emergency calls for it, I shall construct similar works on the Maryland Heights. Thus far I have been deterred from doing so by a desire to avoid giving offense to the latter State. If you have an experienced engineer officer, I hope that you will order him here, if you have no duty for him elsewhere. There are four 6-pounder guns here without caissons. I respectfully request that you will send the caissons, and also two 6-pounder batteries and two extra 12-pounder howitzers, all fully supplied with ammunition, horses, equipments, and everything necessary for being turned over to companies now waiting for then). Reliable information has been received that the Federal troops are at the Relay House. As {p.810} four thousand flints have been found here, I have taken the responsibility of ordering the one thousand flint-lock rifles from the Lexington Arsenal, and also ten barrels of musket and ten barrels of rifle powder, as in my opinion the emergency justified the order. Should the Federal troops advance in this direction, I shall no longer stand on ceremony. In addition to the cavalry stationed at Point of Rocks, I this morning ordered two 6-pounders to the same position. The enemy, from good authority, are about four thousand strong in the neighborhood of Chambersburg. About two-thirds of the machinery from the musket factory has been removed from here. This morning Mr. John Ambler, the quartermaster in Winchester, informed me that the merchants were paying double freights, and were thus securing all the transportation. To prevent the consequent delay of the machinery, I directed him to impress the wagons. He also notified me that the baggage cars from Strasburg were employed in carrying flour from the valley to New York, and that every barrel would be required for our use. To remedy this evil, until the subject could be referred to you, and also to secure the transportation for the machinery, I directed him to impress the cars. About four hundred and eighty Kentucky volunteers are here without arms, and stand greatly in need of them. I directed some old arms to be issued to them, but they refused to receive them. I refer the subject to you, with the hope that something may be done towards arming them. The material is good. My object is to put Harper’s Ferry in the most defensible state possible, and hence feel it my duty to give the best arms to the Virginia troops, as the others may at any time be ordered off. The news from the northwest shows great disaffection, especially in Ohio County.

I am, general, very respectfully, your obedient servant,

T. J. JACKSON, Virginia Volunteers, Commanding.

* Not found.

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HEADQUARTERS, Fredericksburg, Va., May 6, 1861.

Col. R. S. GARNETT, Adjutant-General Volunteer Forces, Richmond, Va.:

SIR: I have the honor to transmit, for the consideration of the general commanding the forces, the report of Maj. Thomas H. Williamson, chief engineer of the State, respecting the proposed battery at Mathias Point, the substance of which has been already communicated by mail and telegraph. I am making every possible preparation for the prosecution of the work. There is very little probability of executing it without threatened or real molestation, for which, of course, I shall endeavor to be prepared.

I also transmit a report of Major Williamson, made of a reconnaissance directed by me on assuming the command at this station. I regard the Aquia Creek Landing and the preservation of the steamer George Page as of secondary importance, except in the moral influence, necessarily involved in the endeavor to protect a point regarded